Guide for Authors

 

1. Basic Requirements

1.1​ The manuscript must be original research work by the named authors. It must contain no plagiarized content, involve no disclosure of confidential information, entail no authorship disputes, and must not have been submitted elsewhere (no dual submission).

1.2​ The research must be supported by a fund at the provincial/ministerial level or above. It should present innovations in theory, methodology, or results, carry significant theoretical importance or practical value, and meet the standards of advanced domestic research.

1.3​ The manuscript should feature clear arguments, rigorous reasoning, sufficient and reliable data, well-designed figures and tables, and concise, fluent writing, with scientific rigor and readability.

1.4​ The manuscript must include all required elements in the following order: title, author name(s), author affiliation(s) (address and postal code), Chinese abstract, Chinese keywords, Chinese Library Classification (CLC) number, main text, references, and the English abstract section (English title, author name(s) in pinyin, English affiliation(s) (address, postal code, country), English abstract, and English keywords). Additionally, the following information must be noted in a footnote on the first page: submission date, funding project(s) and grant number(s), and a brief biography of the first author (name, birth year, gender, academic title and degree, main research interests, email address, and contact phone number).

1.5​ Submissions must be in Microsoft Word format. The typesetting area should be A4 size, 45 lines × 46 Chinese characters per line (alternatively: 23 mm margins on all sides, size-5 font, single line spacing, with the title block occupying approximately 10 lines per page).

 

 

Flow Chart

 

2. Writing Guidelines

2.1 Title

In general, complete sentences should not be used. Subjects and predicates that provide no new information to the reader should be omitted. The title should be concise and direct, composed of several keywords that indicate the topic and content of the paper, together with necessary modifiers. The title should not exceed 20 Chinese characters. A subtitle may be added as appropriate. It is strictly prohibited to use non-standard, uncommon abbreviations in the title—for example, writing "Research on CNNs" instead of "Research on Cellular Neural Networks."

2.2 Authors

Authors must be individuals who directly participated in the research and bear responsibility for the work, and who contributed to writing the manuscript and are capable of defending the paper. Individuals who provided material support for the research or guidance on manuscript writing shall be acknowledged at the end of the paper. (Note: Do not include author names in the Word document upon submission; the editorial office will notify authors to add author names after acceptance.)

2.3 Author Affiliation

Provide the full official name of the affiliation, down to the secondary unit (school, department, or institute), along with the city, province, address, and postal code. (Note: Do not include author affiliations in the Word document upon submission; the editorial office will notify authors to add the affiliations after acceptance.)

2.4 Keywords

3–8 keywords should be selected from the relevant discipline, ordered from general to specific. A minimum of 3 keywords is required.

2.5 Chinese Library Classification (CLC) Number

Determine the classification based on the subject area of the Chinese Library Classification. For interdisciplinary articles, up to two classification numbers may be assigned.

2.6 Abstract

The abstract is a concise, self-contained short text that extracts the essential information of the full paper, with independence and self-explanatory clarity. Academic research papers should be written in the third person as an informative abstract, mainly including four elements: objective, methods, results, and conclusion. The length should be approximately 500 Chinese characters. Requirements: ① No comments or annotations; no citations; no figures or tables; and minimal use of mathematical formulas and chemical structural formulas. ② Do not simply repeat information already present in the title or include content that should be written in the introduction. Avoid using "we," "the author(s)," or "this paper" as subjects whenever possible. ③ Do not use non-standard, uncommon terminology or symbols. When new terms or abbreviations first appear, the original term must be provided in parentheses. ④ The structure should be rigorous, well-organized, and composed of short sentences. For experimental papers, results should be presented using experimental data as much as possible. Avoid vague content and self-evaluation; every sentence in the abstract should be informative.

 

2.7 Introduction

The introduction should primarily cover three aspects: ① Briefly describe the scope and content of the study, providing sufficient background so that readers can gain a general understanding of the basic content without referring to other sources, facilitating comprehension of the following text. ② In conjunction with the study's content and innovations, state the current research status and existing problems at home and abroad in the relevant field. ③ Present the main methods used, the principal problems addressed, and the key results or conclusions obtained, enabling readers to understand the innovations and their place and role within the field. The introduction should be direct, factual, clear in reasoning, and concise. Avoid lengthy historical accounts and general background information. When citing technical terms or others' research, do not elaborate—state the conclusion directly and cite the reference number. Avoid repeating content from the abstract or conclusions.

2.8 Main Text

① The main text should be organized into numbered sections and subsections with headings that closely follow the paper's theme. For example: 0 Introduction; 1 Experiment and Methods, 1.1 Materials and Apparatus, 1.2 Ion Implantation Method; 2 Results and Discussion, 2.1 Structural Analysis, 2.2 Electrical Signal Analysis; 3 Conclusion. ② Depending on the discipline and the nature of the innovations, expand and elaborate with appropriate emphasis. Clearly distinguish prior work (supported by citations) from the present study's innovations through textual description and referencing. ③ Theoretical analyses must be well-founded, with rigorous and correct proofs and derivations of theorems and formulas. Terminology and language must be accurate and standardized. Experimental data must be authentic and reliable, and experimental results must be reproducible and consistent.

2.9 Quantities and Units

Quantities and units in scientific papers must strictly follow national standards and adopt legally mandated measurement units. ① Do not use deprecated quantity names, non-legal units, or non-standard unit symbols. Commonly deprecated quantity names include: weight, specific gravity, current intensity, atomic weight, number of moles, mass percentage concentration, and radioactive intensity. Non-legal units include: ppm, ppb, kgf, cal, Gs, atm, Torr, mmHg, D, and Da. Non-standard unit symbols include: m (for minute), sec (for second), hr (for hour), day, wk (for week), y or yr (for year), and rpm. ② Letters representing variable quantities should be single italic Latin or Greek letters (pH is the only exception and should be upright). Vectors and tensors should be set in bold italic. Names, abbreviations, function symbols, units, and numerals should all be upright. ③ A single letter may represent only one physical quantity in a given paper; conversely, the same physical quantity must always be denoted by the same letter. To denote the same quantity under different conditions or states, use different subscripts—e.g., if Celsius temperature is defined as t, it cannot also be used for time; all Celsius temperatures must use t, while temperatures at different moments may be written as t₀, t₁, t₂, or critical temperature t_c (rules for upright vs. italic subscripts are the same). ④ Use the standard quantity symbols prescribed in national standards—e.g., power as P, pressure as p, concentration of a substance such as NaCl as c(NaCl). Do not arbitrarily choose symbols, and never use multiple letters to represent a single quantity—e.g., ct should not be used for critical temperature. ⑤ Avoid the following common errors: (a) equating a quantity symbol that inherently contains a value and unit to a pure number, e.g., t = lg(1−Q), where t is drug release time and Q is drug release amount; (b) mismatched dimensions on both sides of an equation, e.g., c(O₂) = 0.0347 + 0.0674I, where c(O₂)/mol·L⁻¹ is oxygen content and I/mA is measured current; (c) using chemical names or element symbols in place of quantity symbols, e.g., BaF₂∶ NaCl = 2∶3, KCl∶ H₂O = 2∶1; (d) using a prefix without its unit, e.g., resistance R = 10 k, frequency f = 20 M.

2.10 Figures and Tables

Figures and tables are used to present information that is difficult to convey in words. Note the following: ① Content that can be clearly described in brief text should not be presented as a figure or table. Do not provide both textual description and a figure/table, or use multiple figures/tables to repeat the same results or data. ② Figures and tables should be well-designed, self-contained, and self-explanatory. They should be numbered sequentially as they appear, each with a concise, appropriate caption that accurately and specifically describes its content. ③ Figure (or table) widths: half-column 7–8 cm, or full-column 10–16 cm. In line graphs, any axis with scale markings and values must be labeled with the quantity and unit (except for dimensionless quantities). Normalized or relative values must be clearly indicated—e.g., "normalized frequency" or "relative luminous intensity." Units on logarithmic axes should be shown in parentheses, e.g., lg(I/mA). ④ Tables should generally use the three-line format (top rule, column headings rule, and bottom rule), with auxiliary rules added if necessary. Physical quantities in column headings must include units; the percent sign (%) should be placed within the column heading. Important: a blank cell in a table means "not measured"; "—" means "not detected"; "0" means the measured result is zero. These must not be used interchangeably.

2.11 Conclusions

Papers capable of yielding conclusions should include a conclusions section, which should generally echo the introduction—questions raised in the introduction should be answered here, but avoid repeating the introduction or abstract. The conclusions should include: ① The principles revealed by theoretical or experimental results and their generality. ② Any exceptions encountered or problems that remain difficult to explain or unresolved. ③ Similarities and differences compared with previously published work. ④ The theoretical and practical significance and value of the paper. ⑤ Suggestions for further research on the topic.

 

2.12 References

① Any content that is not the result of this study and involves others' intellectual property—whether background material, theorems, formulas, figures, tables, or conclusions—must be clearly cited with a reference. ② References should be selected factually and relevant to this study, representing the latest domestic and international literature, including theses and materials retrieved online, but excluding unpublished sources. ③ All listed references must be numbered in the order of their first appearance in the text. ④ References must be formatted correctly and contain complete information. Generally, no fewer than 10 references should be listed. Chinese references must include a corresponding English translation, with "(Ch)" appended at the end of the English entry.

The specific formatting requirements are as follows:

Journal article:

[Number] Author(s) (for both Chinese and foreign names, surname first, given name last; list up to three authors in full, then use "et al."; same hereinafter). Title [J] (literature type identifier; same hereinafter). Journal name, year, volume(issue): page range.

例：[1] 杨子杰，吴世才，侯杰昌，等。高频地波雷达总体方案及工程实施中的几个主要问题[J]. 武汉大学学报（理学版），2001，47（5）：513-518. DOI：10.14188/j.1671-8836.2001.05.001.

YANG Z J, WU S C, HOU J C,et al. Some problems in the general scheme for HF ground wave radar engineering [J]. J Wuhan Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2001，47（5）：513-518. DOI：10.14188/j.1671-8836.2001.05.001(Ch).

Monograph:

[Number] Author(s). Book title [M]. Place of publication: Publisher, year. Page range (optional).

例：[2] 姚端正，梁家宝.数学物理方法（第2版）[M]. 武汉：武汉大学出版社，1997. 105-112.

YAO D Z, LIANG J B. Mathematical Physics (2nd Ed)[M]. Wuhan: Wuhan University Press,1997.105-112(Ch).

Article in a conference proceedings:

[Number] Author(s). Article title [M]. Editor(s) (optional). Proceedings title [C]//Place of publication: Publisher, year. Page range of the article.

例：[3] TAKENS F. Detecting strange attractors in turbulence [C]//Proceedings of the 5th IEEE. New York: IEEE Press. 1997:336-381.

Dissertation:

[Number] Author(s). Title [D]. Location: Institution, year.

例：[4] ANTONIE L. Automated Segmentation and Classification of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging [D]. Edmonton Canada: University of Alberta,2002.

Technical report:

[Number] Author(s). Title [R]. Location: Institution, year.

例：[5]COIFMAN R,DONOHO D.Translation- Invariant De-Noising[R].USA:Hall of Yale University, 1995.

Electronic document:

[Number] Author(s). Title [electronic document and carrier type identifier]. [Publication or access date]. Source or accessible URL.

例：[6] BOIVIE R,FELDMAN N, IMAI Y,et al. Explicit Multicast(Xcast) Basic Specification [EB/OL].[2013-02-01]. http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ooms-xcast-basic-spec-04.txt. January 2003.

Patent document:

[Number] Applicant or patent holder. Patent title: Patent number [P]. Publication date [citation date].

例：[7] 邓一刚. 全智能节电器: 200610171314.3[P]. 2006-12-13.

[8] 西安电子科技大学. 光折变自适应光外差探测方法: 01128777.0[P/OL]. 2002-03-06 [2002-05-28]. http: //211.152.9.47/sipoasp/zljs/hyjs-yx-new.asp?recid=01128777.2&leixin=0.

[9] TACHIBANA R, SHIMIZU S, KOBAYSHI S, et al. Electronic watermarking method and system: US6915001[P/OL]. 2005-07-05[2013-11-11].

 

 2.13 English Abstract Section

① English title:​ It should be accurate, rigorous, concise, and eye-catching. In general, use parallel structures and phrases, omitting articles and words such as "Study on" that do not affect the meaning, so as to achieve brevity.

② Author names:​ Use Chinese pinyin. All letters of the surname should be capitalized; for the given name, only the first letter should be capitalized, with the rest in lowercase.

③ English author affiliation:​ Include the city, province, address, and postal code. The translation must be the official, publicly recognized version approved by the institution. Abbreviations are not permitted. The country name (e.g., China) must be stated at the end of the address.

④ English abstract:​ In addition to the requirements for the Chinese abstract, the length should generally be 300–500 words. Use the past tense to describe the author's work and the present tense to state the conclusions. Short sentences are preferred. Use active voice instead of passive voice whenever possible, and place the verb as close to the subject as possible. Emphasis should be placed on the completeness of the key information and the writing style of English, rather than a strict one-to-one correspondence with the Chinese abstract.

⑤ English keywords:​ They must correspond exactly to the Chinese keywords. Except for acronyms and proper nouns (which should have initial capitals), all letters should be lowercase. Non-standard abbreviations should be followed by the original term in parentheses.

3. Submission Terms

3.1 Upon receipt of a manuscript, the editorial office will decide whether to accept it within 3 months (counting from the date the revised manuscript is sent for review). During this period, the author(s) must not submit the manuscript elsewhere. If no acceptance notification is received after 3 months, the manuscript is considered to have been rejected automatically; no separate rejection notice will be issued, and the original manuscript will not be returned.

3.2 The author(s) bear full responsibility for the content of the submitted manuscript. The editorial office reserves the right to make technical and linguistic modifications; any changes to the substantive content will require the author's consent.

3.3 Upon publication, the editorial office will pay a one-time remuneration to the author(s) (except for special issues and supplements with separate agreements) and provide 2 complimentary copies of the journal. A publication fee will also be collected as a one-time charge (300 yuan per page; an additional 300 yuan per page for color pages).

3.4 Before submission, the author(s) must carefully read this Guide for authors (the latest template is available for download in the Download Center). Manuscripts submitted to this editorial office are deemed to indicate the author's agreement to the above submission terms. Submissions that conflict with these terms or fail to meet the above requirements will not be accepted or sent for review.

This journal no longer accepts submissions by email. All new manuscripts must be submitted through the online system to be considered valid. Thank you for your cooperation.